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Research & Resources

The Combat Lab

Evidence-based articles on nutrition for combat athletes, tactical operators, and high performers.

Heat Acclimation Hydration Fight Camp Performance Combat Sports

Heat Acclimation for Summer Fight Camp: The 14-Day Protocol That Trains the Body to Sweat Faster, Earlier, and Smarter

The first hard outdoor session of a summer fight camp is the one that breaks the fighter who didn't acclimate. Body temperature climbs past the threshold for heat-stroke risk, the cut at the end of camp is going to be harder than it needed to be, and the early-camp performance loss is permanent. Here is the 14-day heat-acclimation protocol I program at the start of every summer camp — the daily heat exposure schedule, the sodium and fluid loading targets, the supplements that help and the ones that don't, and how the acclimation changes the late-camp cut math.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Combat Sports Caffeine Pre-Fight Supplements Fight Prep

Caffeine Tolerance Reset for Fight Camp: The 10-Day Taper That Gets More Out of the Walkout Dose

Most fighters take 300 mg of caffeine on fight night and feel about the same as they did taking 200 mg on a Tuesday in camp. That is tolerance — and it is the silent ergogenic tax most camps never address. Here is the 10-day pre-fight taper that resensitizes the adenosine receptors, the dose math during the taper window, and why the protocol is timed to land on fight week, not start it.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Combat Sports Caffeine Pre-Fight Sleep Recovery Supplements Fight Prep

Caffeine Half-Life Math for Fight Day: The 6-Hour Cutoff, the Citrulline Pivot, and Post-Fight Crash Recovery

Caffeine on fight day is timing, not just dose. The 5-6 hour half-life means a pre-walkout dose that's perfect for the cage is still circulating at 2 AM when the body needs to crash. Here is the fight-day caffeine protocol — when to dose, when to pivot to citrulline, and how to recover the sleep architecture after the fight.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Combat Sports Fueling Periodization Carbohydrates Practical Nutrition

Drilling Day vs Sparring Day: Why Your Hard Days Need a Different Carb Target Than Your Technical Days

Most fighters eat the same way on Monday — a heavy drilling day at 50% intensity — as they do on Wednesday — a hard sparring round followed by conditioning at 90% intensity. The result is hard days under-fueled and easy days over-fueled. Here is the session-by-session carb target that fixes both.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Recovery Combat Sports Weight Management Post-Fight Fueling

The Post-Fight Two Weeks: How to Eat After a Fight Without Bouncing 15 Pounds

Most fighters lose more progress in the two weeks after a fight than in the two weeks before. The bounce is not metabolism — it is a structureless eating window that follows a structured deprivation. Here is the day-by-day rebound protocol that brings glycogen, sleep, and body weight back to baseline without overshooting.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Fight Week Weight Cutting Combat Sports Fueling Periodization

Calorie Cycling Across Fight Week: Why Tuesday Doesn't Eat Like Friday

Fight week is not a single nutrition plan — it is six different plans across seven days. Here is the day-by-day calorie and macro cycling protocol I run from Monday's last hard session through Saturday's walkout, with the numbers that change and the reasons each shift exists.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Combat Sports Bloodwork Labs Iron Vitamin D Weight Cutting Recovery

Mid-Camp Bloodwork for Fighters: Which Labs Matter, What the Numbers Mean, and When to Adjust

Most camps wait for symptoms before pulling blood. The smarter pattern is mid-camp bloodwork — ferritin, vitamin D, CK, hormones, kidneys — read against the cut, the brain-health baseline, and the training load. Here is the panel I run, when I run it, and what each number tells you about whether the fighter is camp-ready.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Combat Sports Weight Cutting Fight Camp Contracts Practical Nutrition

Catch-Weight and Late Contract Changes: Re-Planning the Cut When the Number Moves

The opponent missed weight. The promoter offered a catch-weight. The fight is in nine days. Here is how a camp re-runs the cut math without panicking — and the four mistakes that show up when the number moves late.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Combat Sports Competition Fight Day Pre-Fight Nutrition Caffeine

The 60-Minute Walkout Window: Caffeine, Carbs, and Sodium Between Warm-Up and First Bell

The hour between hand wraps and walkout is where most fight-day fueling plans fall apart. Here is the protocol — caffeine timing, last-carb dose, sodium top-off, fluid rate — and the four mistakes that kill it.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Combat Sports Weight Cutting Rehydration Fight Day Recovery

Post-Weigh-In Mistakes: The 24 Hours That Lose Fights

You made weight. The cage opens 24 hours later. Most fighters spend that window making the same five mistakes — and the camp around them lets it happen. Here is what actually loses fights between the scale and the first round.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Combat Sports Competition Cornermen MMA Practical Nutrition

The Cornerman's Nutrition Bag: What to Pack for Fight Night

A cornerman runs the day-of nutrition execution. Here is the cooler list, the round-by-round pour rate, the post-fight refuel window, and the common cornerman mistakes that cost fights.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Combat Sports Concussion TBI Recovery Brain Health Supplements

Concussion Recovery Nutrition: What to Eat After a Knockout

The 90 days after a concussion are a metabolic recovery window most fighters mismanage. Here is a phase-by-phase nutrition protocol — DHA, creatine, choline, magnesium — for combat athletes returning from a head injury.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Combat Sports Competition Wrestling BJJ Practical Nutrition

Tournament-Day Refueling: How to Fuel Between Bouts in Wrestling and BJJ

A wrestling tournament can put a competitor on the mat seven times in one day. A BJJ bracket can stack four matches in division and four more in absolute. Here is the between-bouts fueling protocol that holds up across the whole day.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Combat Sports Brain Health Concussion Recovery Practical Nutrition

Brain Health Nutrition for Combat Athletes: Concussion Recovery and Long-Term Protection

Combat athletes take more cumulative head impact than almost anyone in sport. Here is the nutrition baseline that belongs in every camp — not just after a concussion, but every day.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Combat Sports Fight Camp Travel Weight Management Practical Nutrition

Travel Nutrition for Fight Camps: Fueling When You Are Away From Your Kitchen

Training camps pull fighters away from home for weeks at a time. Here is a working playbook for holding your nutrition together when the environment is working against you.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
supplements combat sports creatine performance evidence-based

The Only 5 Supplements Combat Athletes Actually Need

Cut through the noise. These are the only supplements with strong enough evidence to justify a spot in a fighter's stack — and the doses that matter.

· Nelson Marques, RD, CSSD
rehydration weigh-in combat sports weight cutting fight night

How to Rehydrate After Weigh-In: A Step-by-Step Protocol

Evidence-based rehydration protocol for combat athletes after weigh-in. Exact fluid targets, electrolyte ratios, and meal timing for fight night.

· Nelson Marques, RD, CSSD
sports dietitian credentials nutrition performance

How to Choose a Sports Dietitian (And Why Credentials Matter)

How to choose a sports dietitian — the difference between RD, nutritionist, and nutrition coach, what CSSD means, and red flags to avoid.

· Nelson Marques, RD, CSSD
tactical nutrition law enforcement SWAT performance

Nutrition for Police Officers and SWAT: Fueling Under Pressure

Nutrition strategies for police officers and SWAT operators — shift schedules, body armor metabolic cost, stress eating, and practical meal plans.

· Nelson Marques, RD, CSSD
fight nutrition combat sports meal planning performance

Pre-Fight Meal: What to Eat 24 Hours Before Competition

What to eat before a fight — a sports dietitian's guide to pre-competition meals, glycogen loading, hydration, and fight day nutrition for MMA.

· Nelson Marques, RD, CSSD
protein combat sports muscle protein synthesis performance

Protein Timing for Combat Athletes: What the Research Actually Shows

What the research says about protein timing for MMA fighters and combat athletes — MPS, leucine threshold, distribution, and practical application.

· Nelson Marques, RD, CSSD
tactical nutrition shift work first responders meal planning

Shift Work Nutrition: Why Your 9-to-5 Meal Plan Is Failing You

Shift work nutrition strategies for first responders and night shift workers — meal timing, circadian disruption, and practical solutions.

· Nelson Marques, RD, CSSD
weight cutting combat sports strength performance

Why Fighters Lose Strength During Weight Cuts (And How to Fix It)

The science behind weight cut muscle loss and strength drops — plus the protocol combat athletes use to stay strong through fight week.

· Nelson Marques, RD, CSSD
Iron Micronutrients Sports Nutrition Female Athletes Performance

Iron Deficiency in Athletes: The Silent Performance Killer

Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency in members — and one of the most underdiagnosed. Here is how to screen, prevent, and treat it before it tanks performance.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Training Injury Prevention S&C Load Management

The Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio — Managing Training Load to Prevent Injury

How the ACWR model helps coaches monitor training spikes, reduce injury risk, and keep members in the performance sweet spot.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Training FMS Injury Prevention S&C Mobility

Movement Screening and Corrective Exercise: Finding Weak Links Before They Break

How the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) identifies injury risk, and how targeted corrective exercises address the patterns that lead to breakdowns.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Nutrition Training Periodization S&C Macros

Nutrition Periodization: How to Match Your Diet to Your Training Phase

Why eating the same macros year-round is leaving performance on the table, and how to align nutrition with hypertrophy, strength, power, and deload blocks.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Training Periodization S&C Programming

Periodization 101: How to Program Training Blocks That Actually Work

A practical guide to structuring mesocycles and macrocycles for strength, hypertrophy, and peaking — with real programming examples.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Training VBT S&C Technology Strength

Velocity-Based Training: Using Bar Speed to Autoregulate Intensity

How monitoring barbell velocity can replace percentage-based programming, prevent overtraining, and optimize daily training loads.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
weight cutting combat sports hydration performance

The Science of Weight Cutting for Combat Athletes

An evidence-based look at acute weight loss strategies used in combat sports — what works, what's dangerous, and how to do it right.

· Nelson Marques, RD, CSSD
Protein Sports Nutrition Recovery Evidence-Based

Protein Timing: Does It Actually Matter?

The anabolic window, protein pulsing, pre-sleep casein — the protein timing debate has been running for decades. Here is what the current evidence actually supports.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Hydration Electrolytes Performance Sports Nutrition

Hydration Strategies for Athletic Performance

Dehydration impairs performance before members feel thirsty. This guide covers fluid needs, electrolyte balance, and practical hydration protocols for training and competition.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Supplements Creatine Performance Evidence-Based

Creatine: The Most Researched Supplement in Sports

With over 500 peer-reviewed studies, creatine monohydrate has more evidence behind it than any other sports supplement. Here is what every dietitian and member should know.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Recovery Post-Workout Glycogen Sports Nutrition

Recovery Nutrition: What to Eat After Training

Post-training nutrition drives glycogen replenishment, muscle repair, and adaptation. This guide covers the evidence-based strategies for optimizing recovery through food.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Carbohydrates Endurance Competition Glycogen

Carb Loading Done Right: A Science-Based Guide

Carbohydrate loading can increase muscle glycogen by 50-100% — but most members do it wrong. This guide covers the protocols that actually work.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Female Athletes RED-S Hormones Sports Nutrition

Nutrition for the Female Member: What the Research Shows

Female members have distinct nutritional needs shaped by hormonal fluctuations, energy availability concerns, and body composition pressures. Here is how to address them.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Sleep Recovery Hormones Performance

Sleep and Nutrition: The Performance Connection

Sleep deprivation increases hunger hormones, impairs glucose metabolism, and undermines recovery. Here is how nutrition and sleep interact — and what dietitians can do about it.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Competition Pre-Game Carbohydrates Performance

Pre-Game Meal Strategies That Actually Work

The pre-competition meal can make or break game-day performance. Here are the evidence-based guidelines for timing, composition, and practical execution.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Supplements Safety Anti-Doping Dietitian

Supplement Red Flags: What Dietitians Should Watch For

The supplement industry is loosely regulated and full of misleading claims. Here are the red flags every sports dietitian should teach their members to recognize.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
tactical nutrition military law enforcement performance

Tactical Nutrition Basics: Fueling the Operational Athlete

A practical introduction to nutrition principles for military, law enforcement, and first responder personnel operating in demanding environments.

· Nelson Marques, RD, CSSD
Gut Health GI Distress Endurance Sports Nutrition

Gut Health and Athletic Performance

GI distress is one of the top reasons members underperform on race day. Understanding the gut-exercise connection can help dietitians prevent and manage these issues.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Weight Cutting Combat Sports MMA Body Composition

Weight Cutting in Combat Sports: A Dietitian's Playbook

Weight cutting is deeply embedded in combat sports culture. Here is how dietitians can make the process safer without trying to eliminate it entirely.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Collegiate Meal Prep Team Nutrition Dietitian

Meal Prep at Scale: Feeding a College Team

Feeding 50-100 members with individualized needs on a university budget requires systems, not just recipes. Here is how collegiate dietitians make it work.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Wearables Technology Recovery Data

Wearable Data and Nutrition: Connecting the Dots

Wearables generate mountains of data. Here is how dietitians can use metrics from Apple Watch, Garmin, Oura, and others to make better nutrition decisions.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Injury Recovery Anti-Inflammatory Rehabilitation

Anti-Inflammatory Nutrition for Injury Recovery

When members get injured, nutrition shifts from performance fuel to recovery support. Here is how to adjust the plan to optimize healing without gaining excess body fat.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Caffeine Supplements Performance Endurance

Caffeine for Athletes: A Complete Guide

Caffeine is the world's most widely used performance enhancer. This guide covers optimal dosing, timing, habituation, and the genetics that determine individual response.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Body Composition DEXA Assessment Sports Science

Body Composition Testing: Methods Compared

DEXA, BIA, skinfolds, hydrostatic weighing — each method has trade-offs in accuracy, cost, and accessibility. Here is how they compare for athletic populations.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD
Periodization Carbohydrates Training Performance

Periodized Nutrition: Matching Fuel to Training

Just as training follows a periodized plan, nutrition should too. This guide covers how to adjust macros across training phases for optimal performance and body composition.

· Nelson Marques, MS, RD, LD

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